CS106B, "Programming Abstractions," is the second term of Stanford's introductory programming sequence, taught in C++. It follows upon CS106A, "Programming Methodology," which covers the basics of programming itself (functions, control structures, classes, etc.). 106B is about basic data structures and algorithms, and how they can be encapsulated as abstract data types.
This guide is based on the class as it was taught in 2004, the year I took it. Things may have changed since then.
You can find lecture videos for the 2008 version of the course here.
# Part 1: C++ language
The first week or so of the course covers aspects of the C++ language which are needed for the course -- mostly by highlighting the differences from Java, the language taught in 106A. The main new concept is pointers, but the language also has different syntax for things like classes and input/output.
If you haven't programmed before, check out our beginning programming roadmap, which covers comparable material to CS106A.